All U.S. Visas Explained: Work, Study, Family & More

A. Nonimmigrant Visas (Temporary Stay)

These are for people coming to the U.S. temporarily (work, study, tourism, etc.).

1. Tourism & Business

  • B-1 – Business visitors (meetings, conferences, negotiations).
  • B-2 – Tourism, visiting family, medical treatment.
  • B-1/B-2 – Combination for both purposes.

2. Work Visas (Temporary Employment)

  • H-1B – Specialty occupations requiring a bachelor’s degree or higher.
  • H-2A – Temporary agricultural workers.
  • H-2B – Temporary non-agricultural workers (seasonal jobs, hospitality, etc.).
  • H-3 – Trainees or special education exchange visitors.
  • L-1 – Intra-company transferees (managers, executives, or specialized knowledge employees).
  • O-1 – Individuals with extraordinary ability in sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics.
  • O-2 – Support staff for O-1 visa holders.
  • P-1 – Internationally recognized athletes/entertainers.
  • P-2 – Artists/performers under exchange programs.
  • P-3 – Culturally unique artists/performers.
  • Q-1 – Cultural exchange program participants.
  • R-1 – Religious workers.
  • TN – Work visa for Canadian and Mexican professionals under USMCA (NAFTA).
  • E-1 – Treaty trader visa.
  • E-2 – Treaty investor visa (requires investment in a U.S. business).
  • E-3 – Australian specialty occupation workers (similar to H-1B).

3. Study & Exchange

  • F-1 – Academic students (universities, colleges, language schools).
  • F-2 – Dependents of F-1 students.
  • M-1 – Vocational or technical students.
  • J-1 – Exchange visitors (scholars, researchers, interns, au pairs).
  • J-2 – Dependents of J-1 holders.

4. Transit & Crew

  • C Visa – Transit through the U.S. (short stopovers).
  • D Visa – Crew members (airline, ship, etc.).

5. Media & Diplomats

  • I Visa – Journalists and media representatives.
  • A Visa – Diplomatic visa for foreign government officials.
  • G Visa – International organization representatives (UN, IMF, etc.).
  • NATO Visa – NATO officials/employees.

B. Immigrant Visas (Permanent Residence – Green Card Pathways)

These allow permanent settlement in the U.S.

1. Family-Based

  • IR (Immediate Relative) – Spouse, unmarried child under 21, or parent of a U.S. citizen.
  • F1 – Unmarried adult children of U.S. citizens.
  • F2A – Spouses and minor children of Green Card holders.
  • F2B – Unmarried adult children of Green Card holders.
  • F3 – Married children of U.S. citizens.
  • F4 – Siblings of U.S. citizens.

2. Employment-Based (EB)

  • EB-1 – Extraordinary ability individuals, outstanding professors, multinational executives.
  • EB-2 – Advanced degree professionals or exceptional ability.
  • EB-3 – Skilled workers, professionals, and unskilled workers.
  • EB-4 – Special immigrants (religious workers, broadcasters, Afghan/Iraqi translators).
  • EB-5 – Investor visa (minimum $800,000–$1,050,000 investment creating 10+ jobs).

3. Special Programs

  • DV Lottery (Green Card Lottery) – Diversity immigrant visa for nationals of countries with low immigration rates to the U.S.

C. Humanitarian & Other Categories

  • Asylum / Refugee – For those fleeing persecution.
  • U Visa – Victims of certain crimes who assist law enforcement.
  • T Visa – Victims of human trafficking.
  • VAWA – Immigrant relief for abused spouses/children of U.S. citizens or Green Card holders.
  • Parole / Humanitarian Parole – Temporary entry for urgent humanitarian reasons.
  • TPS (Temporary Protected Status) – For nationals of certain crisis-affected countries.

✅ That’s the big-picture map of U.S. visa types.

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