Insightful PYQs 
When you flip a light switch, transfer money online, or even travel across the country, you probably don’t think about the invisible systems that make it all possible. But behind these daily conveniences lies a network of critical infrastructure — and it’s increasingly under siege from cyberattacks. What is the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection … Read more
Definition A process where elected leaders use legal and constitutional means to undermine democracy—often by altering the constitution—to weaken checks and balances, entrench their own power, and restrict rights, all while maintaining a facade of legality.Term popularised by scholars David Landau and later expanded in constitutional law literature. Core Characteristics Common Tactics Examples Difference from … Read more
By a cosmic twist of fate—and the persistence of a 48-year-old machine—NASA’s Voyager 1 has just stumbled upon one of the universe’s most astonishing phenomena: a literal furnace at the edge of our solar system. Still Going: Voyager’s Journey to the Edge Voyager 1, launched in 1977, is now over 24 billion kilometers from Earth, … Read more
For decades, scientists have struggled with one of renewable energy’s biggest challenges: efficiently breaking down plant waste into usable biofuels. Cellulose—the most abundant organic polymer on Earth—holds immense potential as a clean energy source, but its rigid, crystalline structure makes it notoriously difficult to decompose. Now, a groundbreaking discovery by researchers at the Brazilian Center for … Read more
The UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Exam 2025 is finally here! UPSC Prelims 2025 – Key Details ✅ Exam Date: Today (25 May 2025)✅ Papers Conducted: How to Download UPSC Prelims 2025 Question Paper? Direct Download Links 🔗 GS Paper-I (Set A/B/C/D) – Download Here CSAT Paper-II (Set A/B/C/D): (Will be updated)
