Important Events for UPSC Prelims: The 100th-Year Mark (1924-25)

More Insights: 150 years

• Arya Samaj by Swami Dayanand Saraswati
• Satyarth Prakash
• The Deccan Riots

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✅Important Events for UPSC Prelims: The 100th-Year Mark

🗓️Year focus : 1924-25

1. Kakori conspiracy
2. Vaikom Satyagraha
3. Death of Chittaranjan Das
4. Communist Party of India (CPI)
5. Kanpur Congress Session
6. Sikh Gurdwaras Reforms Act
7. Hindustan Republican Association

— Insightful PYQs (@InsightfulPYQs) March 5, 2025

🗓 Year Focus: 1924-25

1. Kakori Conspiracy (1925)

• Background: The Kakori Train Robbery was carried out by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) on August 9, 1925, to fund revolutionary activities by looting government cash.
• Key Leaders: Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh.
• Impact: Marked a turning point in revolutionary activities; led to executions and inspired future fighters like Bhagat Singh and the HSRA.

2. Vaikom Satyagraha (1924)

• Background: A movement in Kerala challenging caste-based discrimination in temple roads.
• Key Figures: T.K. Madhavan, K.P. Kesava Menon, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy.
• Impact: Laid the foundation for temple entry movements and social justice reforms.

3. Death of Chittaranjan Das (1925)

• Background: A prominent leader of the Swaraj Party and advocate of self-governance.
• Impact: His death was a major setback for the nationalist movement.

4. Formation of the Communist Party of India (1925)

• Background: Established on December 26, 1925, to promote socialism and workers’ rights.
• Impact: Played a significant role in labor movements and agrarian struggles.

5. Kanpur Congress Session (1925)

• Background: This session of the Indian National Congress focused on self-rule and anti-colonial strategies.
• Impact: Strengthened nationalist sentiments and unity.

6. Sikh Gurdwaras Reforms Act (1925)

• Background: A movement to free Sikh gurdwaras from corrupt mahants.
• Impact: Led to the establishment of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC).

7. Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) (1924)

• Background: Formed in 1924 with the goal of armed resistance against British rule.
• Key Figures: Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
• Impact: Later evolved into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).

8. 100 Years of Discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization (1924)

• Background: The Indus Valley Civilization, dating back to 3300 BCE, was officially recognized in 1924.
• Key Discoveries:
  • 1921: Harappa (by Daya Ram Sahni).
  • 1922: Mohenjo-Daro (by Rakhaldas Banerji).
  • 1924: John Marshall officially announced it.
• Impact: Established India’s ancient urban heritage.

9. Introduction of Electric Traction in India (1925)

• Background: India’s first electric railway system (1.5 KV DC) was introduced.
• Impact: Marked modernization in transport infrastructure.

10. Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) (1925)

• Background: Founded by K.B. Hedgewar on September 27, 1925.
• Impact: Grew into a major socio-political organization influencing Indian politics.

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🕝150 Years: Key Events (1874-75)

1. Establishment of Arya Samaj (1875)

• Background: Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati to reform Hinduism.
• Impact: Promoted Vedic teachings and social reforms.

2. Publication of Satyarth Prakash (1875)

• Background: Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s work promoting rational Hinduism.
• Impact: Inspired reformist movements and social change.

3. The Deccan Riots (1875)

• Background: Farmers revolted against moneylenders due to exploitative practices.
• Impact: Led to reforms in agricultural credit policies.

4. Dissolution of the East India Company (1874)

• Background: After the Revolt of 1857, the British Crown assumed direct control of India.
• Impact: Marked the formal end of company rule in India.

5. Establishment of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (1875)

• Background: Founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan; later evolved into Aligarh Muslim University.
• Impact: Key role in modernizing Muslim education in India.

6. Formation of the Indian Meteorological Department (1875)

• Background: Established to study weather patterns and predict climatic changes.
• Impact: Improved disaster management and agricultural planning.

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These events from 1924-25 and 1874-75 shaped India’s socio-political landscape, fueling movements for independence, social reforms, and modernization. Understanding them is crucial for UPSC aspirants preparing for Prelims and beyond!

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