When you flip a light switch, transfer money online, or even travel across the country, you probably don’t think about the invisible systems that make it all possible. But behind these daily conveniences lies a network of critical infrastructure — and it’s increasingly under siege from cyberattacks.
What is the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC)?
The National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC), a unit of the NTRO, was set up under Section 70A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (amended 2008). Established through a gazette notification on 16 January 2014, NCIIPC acts as the National Nodal Agency for protecting Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) in India.
Its mission?
To safeguard systems whose incapacitation would have a debilitating impact on national security, economy, public health, or safety.
Sectors Identified as ‘Critical’ by NCIIPC
NCIIPC has listed several key sectors that form the backbone of the country’s functioning:
- Power and Energy ⚡
- Banking and Financial Services 💰
- Government 🏛
- Telecommunications 📡
- Transport 🚆
- Healthcare 🏥
- Defense 🪖
These are the systems that — if disrupted — could grind the nation to a halt.
The Rising Cyber Threat
India’s critical sectors are facing a wave of cyberattacks:
- Nearly 600 cyber incidents were reported in the first half of 2024 affecting healthcare, banking, manufacturing, and consumer services (The Hindu).
- In 2023, a crucial defence unit was hit by a ransomware attack, alongside breaches in ministries, airports, and even ICMR’s database containing sensitive citizen data.
- February 2025: Karnataka’s critical information infrastructure came under attack again, highlighting weak cyber defense readiness.
These are not just random hacks — they are deliberate, targeted intrusions with potential national security implications.
Even UPSC is Asking About It
The importance of cyber resilience is so high that competitive exams like the CAPF 2024 have started including questions about NCIIPC and its identified sectors. If UPSC thinks you should know it — it’s serious.
Why This Matters to Everyone
- Economic Impact: Cyberattacks on power grids or banking systems could cause massive financial losses.
- Public Safety: Disruption of healthcare or transport systems can put lives at risk.
- National Security: Breaches in defence or government networks could compromise strategic assets.
The Way Forward
- Upgrade Security Protocols: Regular audits, penetration testing, and robust encryption.
- Public-Private Coordination: Many critical assets are in the private sector — they need the same protection standards.
- Awareness & Training: Cybersecurity is everyone’s job, from CEOs to end-users.
The stakes are high, and as recent events show, India’s cyber shield needs serious reinforcement before the next wave of attacks hits.