Top 10 Polity Topics for UPSC Prelims 2025

Bookmark this blog! I'll update it weekly with more themes related to Polity. [These are just hints; prepare from your reference sources!]

1. Right to Information (RTI) Act (2 Decade completed)

• Enacted in 2005, the RTI Act empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities, promoting transparency and accountability.
• Recent amendments (2019) changed the tenure and salary provisions of the CIC and State Information Commissioners, making them subject to government discretion.
• Opposition due to the the Section 44(3) of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act.

2. Delimitation

• Delimitation refers to the process of redrawing boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure equal representation.
• Conducted by the Delimitation Commission, it is based on census data and aims to prevent regional imbalances in representation.
• As the 2026 deadline approaches for redrawing the boundaries of Lok Sabha constituencies that hasn’t been done in a while, a discussion about how different regions are represented in Parliament has started heating up.

3. Uniform Civil Code (UCC)

• The UCC aims to provide a common set of laws governing personal matters (marriage, divorce, inheritance) for all citizens, regardless of religion.
• Article 44 of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) encourages the implementation of UCC, but it remains a contentious issue.

4. Election Commission: CEC and EC Appointment

• The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous body under Article 324.
• The ECI oversees free and fair elections in India at all levels.(Under scrutiny)
• Appointment process of the CEC become a subject of debate?

5. High Court Judges Removal & Transfers

• High Court judges are appointed by the President under Article 217, and their removal follows a process similar to Supreme Court judges (Article 124(4)).
• Requires a special majority in both houses, making it a rare event.
• In news due to the Justice Yashwant Varma case
  • Process of Judicial Transfers in India?

6. Citizenship

• The Indian Constitution provides citizenship under Articles 5-11. The Citizenship Act, 1955, governs its acquisition and loss.
• Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955, Assam accord

7. Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty)

• One of the most expansive fundamental rights, Article 21 guarantees that no person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
• It has been widely interpreted by the Supreme Court to include the right to privacy (Puttaswamy case), right to a dignified death, right to education, and even environmental protection.
• It cannot be suspended even during an emergency.

8. Emergency (1975-1977): 50th Year of the Imposition of Emergency in India

• A controversial period in Indian history when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a National Emergency under Article 352 citing “internal disturbances.”

9. Money Bill

• Defined under Article 110, a Money Bill contains provisions related to taxation, borrowing, or expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India.

10. Parliamentary Privileges

• These privileges are special rights granted to Members of Parliament (MPs) and State Legislators under Articles 105 and 194.

11. Languages: Classical status 

• Prime Minister Modi’s cabinet just gave a thumbs-up to recognizing Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali as Classical Languages. Basically, this special status highlights how incredibly old and culturally rich these languages are.
• Three language formula

12. Judicial Review (Term not mentioned in constitution)

• Evergreen topic related to UPSC Prelims 2025
• Basic Structure Doctrine
• Related Article -142, Article-13 etc.

Top 10 History Topics for UPSC Prelims 2025