The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is once again at the center of international attention as the Rwandan-backed M23 rebel group advances into the city of Goma. This latest development marks a critical juncture in a conflict that has plagued the region for decades, forcing thousands to flee their homes and raising concerns of a wider regional war. But who are the M23 rebels, and what is their agenda?
Who Are the M23 Rebels?
The M23, or March 23 Movement, is a Tutsi-led rebel group formed in 2012 in eastern Congo. Its roots trace back to earlier conflicts stemming from Rwanda’s 1994 genocide, which caused instability in the region. The group claims to protect the interests of Congo’s ethnic Tutsi population, often citing discrimination and marginalization as their primary grievances.
M23 is not just another militia—it is a well-trained, professionally armed force. Over the years, it has demonstrated the capacity to launch coordinated offensives, posing a significant challenge to Congo’s Armed Forces (FARDC) and the United Nations peacekeeping mission in the region (MONUSCO).
Recent Developments: The Capture of Goma
On January 26, 2025, M23 forces reportedly entered Goma, the capital of North Kivu province, claiming control of parts of the city. The move comes despite demands from the United Nations Security Council to halt their offensive.
Gunfire has been reported in key areas, including the airport, the city center, and near the Rwandan border. While some residents have observed government troops and U.N. peacekeepers maintaining a presence at the airport, the situation remains fluid. Videos circulating on social media depict armed M23 fighters moving through the city’s northern suburbs and instances of looting near the airport’s customs warehouse.
Reference: Reuters
