Indian Coffee: Brewing Global Demand and Empowering Communities

Historical Background

• Coffee in India began in the 1600s with Baba Budan planting Mocha seeds in Karnataka’s Baba Budan Giri.
• India evolved from a modest coffee producer to the 7th largest globally.

Climate and soil conditions:

• Ideal Growing Conditions: This plant thrives in warm, humid climates with temperatures between 15°C and 28°C and rainfall ranging from 150 to 250 cm. The best soil is well-drained loamy soil rich in humus and minerals like iron and calcium. Fertile volcanic red earth and deep sandy loam soils are also suitable.
• Conditions to Avoid: The plant is susceptible to damage from frost, snowfall, temperatures exceeding 30°C, and intense sunlight. Heavy clay and excessively sandy soils are not ideal for its growth.

Export Growth

• FY 2023-24: Exports reached $1.29 billion, nearly double the $719.42 million in 2020-21.
• January 2025: Over 9,300 tonnes of coffee exported; major buyers: Italy, Belgium, Russia.
• Types: Primarily Arabica and Robusta beans, with increasing demand for roasted and instant coffee.

Domestic Consumption Trends

• Rise in coffee preference due to:
  • Cafe culture.
  • Higher disposable incomes.
  • Shift in habits across urban and rural areas.
• Domestic consumption increased from 84,000 tonnes in 2012 to 91,000 tonnes in 2023.

Production Highlights

• Coffee is grown in biodiversity-rich Western and Eastern Ghats:
  • Karnataka: 248,020 MT (2022-23), top producer (approximately 70% of India’s total coffee production).
  • Kerala and Tamil Nadu also contribute significantly.
• Shaded plantations support biodiversity and ecological balance.

Development Initiatives

• Coffee Board of India Projects:
  • Integrated Coffee Development Project (ICDP):
    • Focus on yield improvement.
    • Expansion to non-traditional regions.
    • Promotes sustainable practices.
• Araku Valley Success:
  • Collaboration with ~150,000 tribal families, Coffee Board, and ITDA.
  • 20% production increase with loans from the Girijan Co-Operative Corporation (GCC).
  • Supports Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision.

Future Outlook

• Export incentives and logistical support boost industry competitiveness.
• Aiming for sustainability and global leadership in coffee production.

Reference: PIB