Context
- Bryan Johnson: A 47-year-old US tech entrepreneur and millionaire known for his efforts in reversing the aging process.
- Investment in Longevity: Spends $2 million annually on advanced diagnostics, controversial treatments, and strict health regimens.
Significant Developments
- Rapamycin Use and Discontinuation:
- Initially adopted rapamycin, an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection.
- Not FDA-approved for anti-aging but prescribed off-label for potential lifespan extension.
- Protocols included weekly, biweekly, and alternating dosage schedules.
- Discontinued due to adverse side effects despite pre-clinical trial potential.
- Reported Side Effects of Rapamycin:
- Skin and soft tissue infections.
- Abnormal blood fat levels.
- Elevated blood sugar.
- Higher resting heart rate.
- Medical Concerns:
- Suppresses immune system, increasing risks of bacterial infections (e.g., pneumonia, cellulitis, pharyngitis).
- Highlighted by Dr. Oliver Zolman, a longevity specialist working with Johnson.
Mechanism of Action of Rapamycin in Anti-Aging
- TORC1 Inhibition
- Rapamycin inhibits the activity of TORC1 (Target of Rapamycin Complex 1), a protein complex responsible for sensing cellular nutrients and regulating protein synthesis.
- Reduced TORC1 activity leads to decreased cellular growth and proliferation.
- Activation of Autophagy
- Rapamycin increases autophagy, a lysosome-mediated process that degrades and recycles damaged cellular components.
- This process helps maintain cellular health and prevents age-related decline by clearing damaged cells.
Effects on Aging and Disease Prevention
- Delays age-related diseases, including cognitive decline, cardiovascular issues, spontaneous tumors, and immune dysfunction.
- Increases lifespan and decreases intestinal deterioration by improving the degradation of damaged cells.
